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Soja Vācijā: audzēšanas pieredze un pētījumi

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2021.gada 2. jūnijā notika projekta

„Jaunas tehnoloģijas un ekonomiski pamatoti risinājumi vietējās lopbarības ražošanai cūkkopībai: ģenētiski nemodificētas sojas un jaunu lopbarības miežu šķirņu audzēšana Latvijā"  

noslēguma konference.

2021.gada 2. jūnijā notika projekta

„Jaunas tehnoloģijas un ekonomiski pamatoti risinājumi vietējās lopbarības ražošanai cūkkopībai: ģenētiski nemodificētas sojas un jaunu lopbarības miežu šķirņu audzēšana Latvijā"  

noslēguma konference. Citu ziņojumu kopumā bija arī šis Karolas Blesingas ziņojums "Soja Vācijā: audzēšanas pieredze un pētījumi"  

 

Soy in Germany: cultivation experience and research

Dr. Carola Blessing

LTZ Augustenberg

2. Juni 2021 – Carola Blessing – EIP Latvia

Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg (LTZ)

Branch: Forchheim-Rheinstetten

~ 10 km south of Karlsruhe

state centre for agriculture of Baden-Württemberg

Area under soybean cultivation

in 1.000 hectare

àGermany = small producer worldwide
à
à6,2 Mio t imported soybean 2019 (beans, soy meal)

vs. 0,09 Mio t produced

à

2020:

33.000 ha

2008:

1.000 ha

Area under soybean cultivation in EU-27

Germany

(UFOP 2021)

Slovakia

Austria

Croatia

Romania

France

Italy

Hungary

àproduction area predicted to increase in EU-27 and Germany
à
àGermany small producer within EU
à

Soybean production in Germany

2008:

1.000 ha

2020:

33.000 ha

in 1.000 hectare

à production area and production doubled since 2016

Area under soybean cultivation

2020:

total 33.000 ha

Bavaria 18.000 ha

Baden-Württemberg 8.000 ha

 

à almost 80 % of the total soybean cultivation area

Grain legumes in Baden-Württemberg

faba bean

peas

lentils

lupins

soybeans

cultivated area (ha)

year

Political instruments

-Greening: Ecological Focus Areas (EFA):

no plant protectants (herbicides) according to Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1155 of 15 February 2017

-Agri-Environment-Climate Measures (AECM):

A1: diversified crop rotation – 5 cultures, max. 2/3 cereals, at least 10% legumes

-Sojanetzwerk (2013-2018)

demonstrations on farms, information material, field days

-Research

 e.g. Optimization of the cultivation of soybeans - Determination of the preceding crop effect and the nitrogen fixation as well as the reduction of the soil tillage (2015-2018)

Soybean yield in Germany

à highest yield in the south of Germany

Potential soybean cultivation area

based on:

-sum of crop heat units (1st May to 15th September)
-global radiation (1st June to 30th September)
-soil value
-precipitation (1st June to 31st August)

(Geoportal Julius-Kühn Institut)

Potential soybean cultivation area

(Geoportal Julius-Kühn Institut)

(Miersch, www.sojaförderring.de)

currently 33.000 ha

à high potential to expand soybean production in Germany

New varieties

Breeding effort:

-approval of 8 new soybean varieties in Germany in 2020
-more new soybean varieties in other EU countries
-

Variety trials in Baden-Württemberg (Landessortenversuche)

https://ltz.landwirtschaft-bw.de/pb/,Lde/Startseite/Arbeitsfelder/Sorteninformation

 

Variety trials: maturity group 000

recommended varieties:

Aurelina

Coraline

ES Comandor

RGT Shouna

Solena

SY Livius

1.Versuchsjahr
2.Versuchsjahr

Results 2020 for BW, BY and HE (LTZ, 2021)

Many new varieties

-successful breeding for 00 and 000 maturity group
-
-improvement in yield, protein yield, early maturity, stability
-
-recommendation only after 3 years in variety trials

Inoculants

Products differ in:

-carrier (peat, liquid)
-rhizobial strain
-number of rhizobia

 

in Germany no official control

 

Trial to test inoculants

herbizide control conventional

Trial to test inoculants

•no former soybean cultivation
•variety Lenka (high protein content, tofu)
•65 seeds/m²
•fully randomized blocks (n=4)

 

Inoculation increases yield

Inoculation increases protein content

Always inoculate soybeans!

à increase in yield and protein content

BUT: not every inoculant available works

 

recommendations for inoculation

•fresh inoculant (not from previous year)
•store and transport inoculant cool
•protect inoculant and inoculated seeds from direct sun (UV-radiation)
•inoculate directly before planting (few products allow earlier inculation e.g. Rhizoliq Top S, LiquiFix)

N-fluxes of soybeans

N-fertilization of soybean

Yield

Yield

Protein content

Protein content

Regulations on fertilizing grain legumes

Fertilization Regulation (DüV):

no requirement for N-fertilizer

 

state legislation (NID):

N-fertilizer requirement max. 60 kg N ha-1

(independent of yield, plant available N has to be deducted)

 

No N-fertilization of soybean!

-successful inoculation provides enough N

 

-early fertilization with negative effects on protein content (reduced nodulation)

à payment based on protein content of soybean (award/deduction)

-
-international studies on N fertilization not consistent (dependent on yield level, timing of fertilization)

Soybean cultivation in Germany

-increasing production
-new (improved) varieties
-always inoculate – but get information about inoculant
-no N fertilization needed
-

Thanks for your interest!

protein feed in Germany

Variety trials: maturity group 000

Acardia

Achilea

Adelfia

Amarok

Aurelina

Cantate PZO

Ceres PZO

Coraline

ES Comandor

ES Compositor

ES Governor

Galice

Merlin

Nessie PO

RGT Salsa

RGT Shouna

RGT Sphinxa

Regina

SY Livius

Solena

Sussex

Toutatis

Trumpf

relative yields at locations

100%= average over all locations